Portrait of India
India's Liberalization - A Boon or Curse
Part-5
Media Apartheid of Indians-lives, Culture, Values and Heritage
“God cannot alter the past. Historian Can”-Samuel Butler
“History is a set of lies agreed upon”-Napoleon Bonaparte
“History for us begins with murder and enslavement. Not with discovery of Columbus”-Carlos W. South American activist
Introduction
In this section we discuss the complete absolute media blockade of news about Indians-be it American Indians or Indian Indians. They share same philosophy, religion, culture and values. We were made to believe in India that there are no Indians in North America and even if they exist they are a thing of past. In the same way in the local American Media in North America-an epitome of freedom, free speech, free expression-every body is made to believe that there is no such country as India. Except an occasional interview over CNN with an Indian politician nothing positive about India is ever shown. The only 3 programs that were shown during 1991-2003 are 1) worshipping rats in a Rajasthani Temple thus Indian are susceptible for plague, 2) women infanticide thus discrimination of women in India 3) ganesha drinking milk thus Indian religion is a giant hoax. I do not recall any program about native American Indians shown in Indian television either by government of India or by the current wave of new television stations that are being opened in the wake of liberalization and privatization. This part examined the assumptions the west ADAE, USA and Britain makes about Indians. How we were treated in the past present and will be treated in future?
1. American Indians
Of the 120 military conflicts fought during1800-1987, 90 wars are fought between White settlers and the native Indian nations. -“Lords of Poverty” Prof. Bernard Niel Schumann. These wars decimated their population from 200 millions in the year 1500 to less than 20 million today in Americas. Even today they are majority in more than six nations. They are fighting to preserve their culture, language and religion against huge odds. Indians are divided in to more than 300 nations in North and South Americas who hold secession agreements with all different countries. Nothing is mentioned about them. This is the compilation of the facts as they pertain to Indians of Americas and us Indians of India which show the absolute media power and control exercised by EICs turned MNCs in preventing this information from reaching us.
Take for example the case of India. We are also divided in to 1000 linguistic groups in 25 different states each being recognized by missionaries and western intelligence agencies as a separate sub group. They do not consider that these many sub groups have a common bonding among themselves. West believes that these are distinct groups thus the leading British parliamentarian in the year 1995 declared that India has to be divided in to more than 1000 Hong Kongs (drug capitals). India is encircled by religious, ethnic, and tribal-based insurgencies, all of which find a haven in London. Their most vociferous public advocate is Mr. Avebury (Eric Lubbock), the chairman of the British Parliament's All Party Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights. Based on his family ties, Mr. Avebury is well suited for this game. On his mother's side, he is descended from the Stanley family, which played a key role in the British foreign policy establishment during the nineteenth century. One of his ancestors was a viceroy of India. His cousin, Mr. Stanley, was colonial secretary during World War II (In this sense they are related to the American financial giants Morgan Stanley Dewitt group of Investment companies.)
1493
Bull inter Caetera and Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI divided the then world on north south axis along Vatican and gave authority to Spain and Portugal to convert, plunder civilize savages of Indies or Indians to save their souls and harvest them for the cause of christ-in the name of God Almighty, Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Any thing west of Vatican went to Spain and anything east of Vatican went to Portugal. On 7 June 1494 both nations (Spain and Portugal) agreed to the division and signed the Treaty of Tordesillas which modified the agreement in favor of Portugal as it added Brazil as Portuguese colony. At the time the treaty was signed no one fully rediscovered the world, it is anybody’s guess as to what land had to be divided. (This is like the blind natural resource exploration rights countries grant to MNCs).
1499
‘Pious Queen’ Isabella of Spain, wanted the native Indians to be converted not enslaved or killed. She reasoned that if all Indians are Christians and her subjects then they will not revolt against her.
But the stupid and argumentative Indians do not want to convert. So to satisfy Queen’s command with a fine sense of legal formality Church established the terms to legitimately ‘establish its supremacy.’ To subjugate enslave and convert heathens or pagans or Indians and if Indians or any other culture don not convert then kill and plunder their wealth. To do this democratically, Indians first were given an opportunity to accept the new order of the things, the supremacy of Church in religion and Spain and Portugal in politics and economics. A (absurd) document was created called the ‘requerimento.’ With the first contact with any heathen pagan or Indian culture, before doing anything, this document written in Spanish or Portuguese should be read to pagans, heathens or Indians. It does not matter whether Indians spoke or understood Spanish or Portuguese. After reading this document ‘in a democratic manner’ time is given to Indians to decide to accept Supremacy of Church. If they reject the requerimento then Spain and Church are absolved from treating Indians as human beings or people and the terrible consequences that followed-rape, plunder, loot. The reason for absolution was that the Indians were given a chance to accept the supremacy of Church, as they did not accept the Church as supreme protector of humanity, the Indians were themselves responsible for their actions and the results followed. This great democratic document (written for Spanish) thus reads[1]
“On the part of the King, Don Fernando, Dona Juana, his daughter, Queen of Castile and Leon (or whoever the king or queen at that time was), subduers of barbarous nations, we their servants notify and make known to you, as best we can, that the lord our God, living and eternal, created the heaven and the earth, and one man and one woman, of whom you and we, all of the men of the world, were and are descendants. Because of the great multitude begotten from these over past five thousand and some years since the world was made. God placed one called Saint Peter in charge over all these peoples.
Wherefore we ask as best we can and require you that you consider what we have said to you..and that acknowledge the Church as Ruler Superior, mistress and Governess of the whole world and Universe, and the high priest called Pope, and in his name the King and Queen Dona Juana our lords, in his place, as superiors and lords and kings of these islands and this Tierra-firme…
If you do so, you will do well, and ….we in their name shall receive you in all love and charity, and shall leave you your wives, and your children, and your lands, free without servitude, that you may do with them that which you like and think best…
But if you do not do this, and maliciously make delay in it, I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter in to your country, and shall make war against you in all ways and manners that we can, and shall subject you to yoke and obedience of the Church and their Highnesses; we shall take you and your wives and your children and shall make slaves of them, and as such shall sell and dispose of them as their highness may command; and we shall take away your goods, and shall do you all mischief and damage that we can, as to vassals who do not obey, and refuse to receive their lord, and resist and contradict him; and we protest that the deaths and losses which shall accrue from this are your fault, and not of that of their highnesses (Pope or Rulers-brackets added by author), or ours, nor of the cavaliers who came with us……”
This document informed the foreigners that their lands were liberally and democratically ‘donated’ to Spanish or Portuguese by the Vicar of Christ, the Pope. La Casas one of the Spanish Chroniclers accompanied most of the voyages stated with disgust that “he does not know to laugh or cry” at this document that proclaims the blatant ignorance and arrogance of the European man and the meanness of the mental prison he inhabited. The native Mayan, Azetic, Inca Indians who knew the eternity scale of Cosmos and time would have chuckled and laughed at the serious proclamation of European Church and being told that the world was made “five thousand and some years ago”[2]. (In India even today Social Scientists, Historians, Scholars still accept this ‘requerimento version’ as thought by EIC, British and Mc Caulay and believe that Mahabharata occurred before “three thousand and some years ago” and Vedas were written “some two thousand and some years ago” and go to great lengths to prove it. In this sense the South American Indians five hundred years ago are more assertive as they believed that their Civilization started 500,000 years ago). The chiefs of Sinu Indians, upon hearing first about this document commented and answered “The holy father has indeed been generous with other’s property[3]”
The biggest joke is this document is rendered in Spanish or Portuguese and how much is translated into native languages is unclear. Later this reading requerimento became symbolic, like crossing fingers and telling lies. Some times this document was read in empty streets and town squares, even from ships at seas[4].
1502
“Gold is wonderful thing! Who ever owns it is lord of all he wants. With gold it is possible to open for souls the way to paradise”- Christopher Columbus. South America and India possessed the gold. The first question the Admiral Columbus asked when he first contacted the native Carrib Indians was “where did they find the gold that they kept for their nose rings[5]”
1512 (germ war fare)
The year Spanish Catholics arrive in Aztec Empire, Central Mexico Indian population is 11.5 million. Unable to kill them in war they distributed gifts of peace -the food, wine, clothes -gifts contaminated with the small pox, chicken pox, syphilis, and gonorrhea virus[6].
1525
“When Christians were exhausted from war, God saw fit to send the Indians small pox”-Francisco de Aguilar Spanish representative of New World
1542
Central Mexico Indian population reduced to 6.5 million most of them killed with biological disease contacted with infections imported by Europeans.
1597
Central Mexico Indian population reduced to 2.5 million killed of biological disease.
The above process repeated for hundred years in Maya, Inca, Aztec reduced the Indian population, culture, religion and civilizations from 200 millions to less than 20 millions. The same thing went on and on in North America from Iroquois Indian nation (New York) till Cherokee Nation (Carolinas) Manhattan Nation (New York) to Apache Nation (great western plains till California)
1763
American General Sir Jeffrey Amherst suggested that the recalcitrant Indians in British North America (United States) be given blankets, pillow covers as medical supplies infected with germs of small pox chicken pox, to kill remaining Indians in their nations and camps as their lands were needed for mining oil, coal and other minerals.
1800
“Our religion seems foolish to you, but so does yours to me” –Sitting Bull, Sioux Indian Chief (S. Dakota) with American Generals and missionaries.
“No state can achieve proper culture, civilization, and progress…as long as Indians are permitted to remain”-Martin Van Buren, 1837.
“Indian- hating still exist; and, no doubt, will continue to exist, so long as Indians do”-Herman Melville, 1857.
Assimilation of EIC (1850-1947) and Homogenization of MNC (1985-Continuing)
In order to pacify the resistance of the remaining Indian nations and conquer their lands the US congress and all colonial countries that existed in Americas passed a Series of laws fist of which are aimed at assimilation. Simply this means the Indians should not speak their language, eat their diet, pray their gods and wear their clothes. To effectively do this children of native Indians were forcibly taken at their birth to the missionary boarding schools and were kept their until they are 21 years and were taught English and forcibly converted in to Christianity. The second sets of laws are the unilateral renegotiated contacts with the assimilated Indian children forcing the abdication of their national status and forcing them to reservations. Some such important acts were
- Treaty of Western Shoshone Nation- Ruby Valley Treaty 1863.
- Indian Re organization Act-1934
- The Dawes allotment Act-1946
- Indian Claims Commission Act-1946
- Indian Reorganization Act-1965
- Indian Reorganization Act-1979
- Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act-1973
The process of assimilation now is replaced with the process of Homogenization of MNCs. This means that every body across the world should eat exactly the same Chips, drink the same soft drinks, wear the same clothes, watch the same television and follow the same religion so that economies of scale can benefit the world. To achieve homogenization narrow concepts like nationalism, culture, values, ethics have to be sacrificed and replaced with Growth, expansion and profits. Rather than taking the children to the boarding school forcibly by the missionaries, under homogenization missionaries will come to your native country and open the schools for Charity and Social Service and the local parents will force themselves to take their children to these schools thinking that progress and democracy comes from learning English only. Under assimilation Indians were forced not to speak their language where as under homogenization we voluntarily avoid speaking our own languages.
1940 Atomic Experiments-irradiation and effects sorry for blacks and Indians
Once the atomic bombs were developed a series of bomb tests were conducted over the Indian territories. Additional irradiated food experiments were conducted over black slave populations. Indian nations were deliberately bombed using atomic bombs to study the impact of the radiation on civilian populations. Blacks were distributed the irradiated food as ‘free gift’ to see how the irradiated food affects the human body. Blacks were able to extract an apology from President Clinton and a compensation of few millions to the survivors who are some 10 or 12 in number.
1976
United States Discovered in Kaholawe, Hawaii Islands an archeological site in an area of 5 miles by three miles. It contained 575 sites filled with temples, buildings, dating back to 6 A.D. The area was declared off limits United States army occupied it and handed over to Navy which practiced bombing runs on these archeological sites. After 25 years of intensive bombing target practice by USA, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium a moratorium on using this archeological site is declared by President Bush Junior in 2002 for a period of 2.6 years until the end of his presidency. During 1778-1850 the native Indian population of these islands was brought down from 1,000,000 to 54,000.
1979
United States Government was charged with bribing natives to move out of their land to another reservation by some times paying US $ 10,000 so that huge US Energy Giant Peabody Coal Mining company can come and mine coal from the Native Navajo lands to export to other states in US for their energy needs. On 29 October 1979, Navajo Indian Nation seceded from United States Government and Arizona State.
1989
“Indian Religion is not a Religion. It cannot be granted protection under Freedom of Religion Act nor any restraint issued against any governmental decisions” Sandra Day O’ Connor. The learned court expressed disbelief that Indians still worship nature. As all Indians do not worship in forest where nature is the learned Supreme Court argued that Indian practices cannot be claimed as religion. (US Supreme Court opinion is like claiming that as all catholics are not worshipping at a particular Church, Roman Catholicism cannot be claimed as a religion and right to free religion cannot be granted to Roman Catholicism). Also the court observed that the Indians have to prove that the governmental action coerced them to practice another religion or forced Indians to prohibit from practicing their religious customs. 1989 (Gasket-Orleans G-O Road case California Indians Vs United States Government)[7]. This judgment was consented unanimously by all Supreme Court judges and delivered by Sandra Day O’ Connor, Supreme Court Judge’s land mark decision. Sandra Day O’ Connor is one of the Supreme Court judges who were on the panel of electing the current President Bush.
Guatemala
The story of this tiny state Guatemala is enough to give the depth of the problem of the Native Indians in their own countries (and of course of Indian Indians in our own country if we do not wake up in the next 15 years) which were divided and subdivided for the rich natural resources between the Spanish speaking Catholics and CIA operated Baptists using Indians as pawns in the Game to plunder and loot the remaining natural resources in the rich South America or in North American Indian nations.
Guatemala has more than 65 % native Indian population who still refused to convert, leave their language and organized resistance and won the election in the year 1954 under the banner of democratic left. The Church both Catholic, Protestant and huge mining oil companies were aghast. Like the recent Venezuela CIA coup against Hugo Chavez, these churches and their supporters in a united way requested US government and CIA sponsored a coup in the year of election 1954 in the name of stamping the communism out of Americas. One hundred thousand people were killed, 38,000 disappeared an average of ten murders a day for more than thirty years[8]. The Mayan Indians fought with heroic bravery against all odds with crude guns and pipe bombs with all communists, right wing Christians and MNCs who want to annihilate them. The CIA helped army had UZI Sub Machine Guns, helicopters, napalm bombs. By 1985 when the body count was taken the toll of Maya resistance left the country of 8 million population with a staggering 50,000 Indian war widows and 200,000 orphans.[9]
2003
4000 archeological sites dating back to 7000 B.C. to 15,000 B.C. were decimated by US British Air rides over Gulf War-2.
As such the tale of Indians, their religion, culture, and fight in New Zealand, Russia, Europe, United States of America, and Canada, the entire South America, Antarctica and Arctic regions if rendered will be a huge compendium which is beyond the scope of this essay.
2. Indian Indians as experimental lab animals
1542
Suffice here to quote the famous understanding of Francis Xavier-a Spanish Franciscan ‘monk’ and canonized Saint-about Indians in one of his primary writings to Holy See, the Vatican in 1542. “as there is so great variety of color among men, and the Indians being black themselves, consider their own color the best, they believe that their gods are black. On this account the great majority of their idols are as black as black can be, and moreover are generally rubbed with oil as to smell detestably, and seem to be as dirty as they are ugly and horrible to look at”.[10] As these missionary saints and monks hated Indians they ‘caste them away’ till they are converted in to the path of their true god.
1642-1932
Northeast India: Target of British apartheid
by Ramtanu Maitra and Susan Maitra
Continuing terrorist actions and violent demonstrations over the last five decades have turned India's Northeast into a dangerous place. Large-scale introduction of narcotics and arms from neighboring Myanmar (Burma) and China has made this strategically crucial area a potential theater of violent secessionist movements.
Imbued with the British ideology of encouraging ethnic, sub-ethnic, religious, and linguistic identities—as opposed to the identity of a citizen of a sovereign nation-state—both New Delhi and the residents of Northeast India are marching recklessly along the very path prescribed by the British raj in 1862, when he laid down the law of apartheid to isolate "the tribals." While it is not clear how long this fateful road is, there is little doubt what awaits them at the end.
British mindset at work
Since India's independence in 1947, Northeast India has been split up into smaller and smaller states and autonomous regions. The divisions were made to accommodate the wishes of tribes and ethnic groups which want to assert their sub-national identity and obtain an area where the diktat of their little coterie is recognized. New Delhi has yet to comprehend that its policy of accepting and institutionalizing the superficial identities of these ethnic, linguistic, and tribal groups has ensured more irrational demands for even smaller states. It has also virtually eliminated any plan to make these areas economically powerful, and the people scientifically and technologically advanced.
A situation has now arisen in which New Delhi's promised carrot of economic development evokes little enthusiasm in the Northeast. Money from New Delhi for "development" serves to appease the "greed" of a handful and to maintain the status quo. On the other hand, fresh separatist movements bring the area closer to the precipice.
Assam has been cut up into many states since Britain's exit. The autonomous regions of Karbi Anglong, Bodo Autonomous Region, and Meghalaya were all part of pre-independence Assam. Citing the influx of Bengali Muslims since the 1947 formation of East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh in 1971, the locals demand the ouster of these "foreigners" from their soil. Two violent movements in Assam, the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and the Bodo Security Force (BdSF), are now practically demanding "ethnic cleansing" in their respective areas.
To fund their movements, both the ULFA and the BdSF have been trafficking heroin and other narcotics, and indulging in killing sprees against other ethnic groups and against Delhi's law-and-order machinery. Both these groups have also developed close links with other major guerrilla-terrorist groups operating in the area, including the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Muivah) and the People's Liberation Army in Manipur.
Assam, unlike most other areas of the Northeast, was better integrated with mainstream India prior to independence; Assam participated in the national independence movement and contributed much to India's intellectual and cultural wealth. Today, however, instead of encouraging its sons and daughters to train themselves in science and technology, and entrepreneurship, Assam has engulfed itself in mindless bloodletting.
In 1972, Meghalaya was carved out of Assam through a peaceful process. Unfortunately, peace did not last long in this "abode of the clouds." In 1979, the first violent demonstration against "foreigners" resulted in a number of deaths and arson. The "foreigners" in this case were Bengalis, Marwaris, Biharis, and Nepalis, many of whom had settled in Meghalaya decades ago. By 1990, firebrand groups such as the Federation of Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo People (FKJGP) and the Khasi Students' Union (KSU) came to the fore, ostensibly to uphold the rights of the "hill people" from Khasi, Jaintia, and the Garo hills. Violence erupted in 1979, 1987, 1989, and 1990. The last violent terrorist acts were in 1992.
Similar "anti-foreigner" movements have sprouted up across the Northeast, from Arunachal Pradesh in the east and north, to Sikkim in the west, and Mizoram and Tripura in the south. Along the Myanmar border, the states of Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram remain unstable and extremely porous.
London's legacy
The root cause of the problem is the conditions set in place by British rule in the Northeast since 1826 and the formation of East Pakistan in 1947. New Delhi's inability to integrate the region stems from its failure to recognize that the British raj had converted Northeast India into a human zoo, where each tribe was allowed to roam free within its "own territory," but was not allowed to cross the boundaries set forth by their British masters and establish contact with the rest of India.
The British came into the area in the 1820s, following the Burmese conquest of Manipur and parts of Assam. The area had become unstable in the later part of the eighteenth century following the over-extension of the Ahom kingdom, a Burmese-based kingdom that reached into Assam. The instability caused by the weakening of the Ahom kingdom prompted the Burmese to move westward to secure their flanks. But the Burmese action also helped to bring in the British. The British East India Company was lying in wait to see the Ahom kingdom disintegrate.
The Anglo-Burmese war of 1824-26 ended with the British emerging victorious. By the peace treaty signed at Yandabo on Feb. 24, 1826, the British annexed the whole of lower Assam and parts of upper Assam (now Arunachal Pradesh). The Treaty of Yandabo provided the British with the foothold they needed to annex Northeast India, launch further campaigns to capture Burma's vital coastal areas, and gain complete control of the territory from the Andaman Sea to the mouth of the Irrawaddy River.
What were London's motives in this venture? The British claimed that their occupation of the northeast region was required to protect the plains of Assam from the "tribal outrages and depredations and to maintain law and order in the sub-mountainous region." British historians campaigning on behalf of two ex-viceroys, Lord Minto and Lord Curzon, assert that the defense of the British Empire in the northeast frontier was no less important than the northwest frontier, the scene of the so-called Great Game between Britain and Czarist Russia.
But the tribal territories in the northeastern borderland cover 700 miles of the Indian frontier. These tribal belts, from 70 to 100 miles deep, are almost impenetrable by any force from the north, e.g., China. The Indo-Burmese border, though crossed by the conquering Ahoms to capture Upper Kamarupa in upper Assam in 1228, was mountainous and heavily forested. There is little doubt that the British were not concerned about the enemy; crossing such difficult and hostile terrain was simply not possible for either Russia or China.
But for the British East India Company, gaining control in the northeast of India aided in gaining access to southern China's natural wealth. Significantly, in the Treaty of Yandabo it was mentioned that the British East India Company would have access through upper Burma to chart out a direct trade route between India and China through Assam. As early as 1826, a member of the Governor General's Council said: "We may expect to open new roads for commerce with Yunan and other southwestern provinces of the Celestial Empire through Assam and Manipore."
The annexation of Assam was also designed to "fix" the situation in Bhutan, Sikkim (an independent kingdom till 1975 before it merged with India), Nepal, and Tibet. The British role in Tibet, as reflected in Francis Young husband's armed invasion of Tibet during 1901-04, the subsequent invasion of Tibet by the Manchu dynasty rulers for the first time in 1910, the fleeing of the 13th dalai lama, and the subsequent influence exerted by the British over the Tibetan and Mongolian lamas, will be treated in future EIR (executive intelligence review) reports. But it should be noted that the accession and isolation of Northeast India was designed to infiltrate Tibet, as part of London's greater geopolitical plan to upset China—which remains London's aim today.
The 'apartheid law'
Following annexation of Northeast India, the first strategy of the British East India Company toward the area was to set it up as a separate entity. At the outset, British strategy toward Northeast India was:
- to make sure that the tribals remained separated from the plains people, and the economic interests of the British in the plains were not disturbed;
- to ensure that all tribal aspirations were ruthlessly curbed by keeping the bogey of the plains people dangling in their faces; and,
- to ensure that the tribal feudal order remained intact, with the paraphernalia of tribal chiefs and voodoo doctors kept in place. Part of this plan was carried out through the bribing of tribal chiefs with paltry gifts.
In 1838, the East India Company assumed charge of the government of Assam, in order to enhance trade and commerce, and sacked the Ahom king, who had been its "protected prince" since 1826. In the early years, the company had often run into trouble with the tribals, and clashes between the two were routinely reported.
The decision to isolate the tribals came about in 1873 through the promulgation of the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation. However, the policy of declaring the Northeast Frontier Agency (NEFA) a secluded area had been advocated long before. Section 2 of the regulation empowered the company "to prescribe and from time to time alter by notification, a line to be called the Inner Line and to prohibit any subject living outside the area from living or moving therein." Thus, the British policy of apartheid in Northeast India was implemented in the tribal area of the District of Lakhimpur in September 1875, and in the District of Darrang in March 1876.
Civil officers could extend their administrative jurisdiction no further than the Inner Line, and the governor-general-in-council prohibited all British subjects from crossing the Inner Line without a pass obtainable from the deputy commissioners of districts.
Then, in 1880, the Frontier Tract Regulation was enacted, which stated that it was expedient "to provide for the removal of certain frontier tracts in Assam inhabited or frequented by barbarous or semi-civilized tribes from the operation of enactments in force therein." It was stated that the regulation would extend to such frontier tracts in Assam as the governor general might designate. The regulation was subsequently extended to cover wider areas in the Northeast.
The Palmerston crowd at work
The British plan to cordon off the Northeast tribals was part of their policy of setting up a multicultural human zoo during 1850s under the premiership of Henry Temple, the third Viscount Palmerston. Lord Palmerston, as Henry Temple was called, had three "friends"—the British Foreign Office, the Home Office, and Whitehall. With the help of these offices and such close associates as Giuseppe Mazzini, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, and David Urquhart, Palmerston began to establish British assets throughout Europe and elsewhere. Young Italy was set up in 1831, attracting Garibaldi and Louis Napoleon. Young Poland and Young Germany followed. And in 1834, Mazzini founded Young Europe, billed as the "Holy Alliance of the Peoples." By 1835, a Young Switzerland and Young France were created. There was also Young Corsica, which was the mafia.
The underlying motive behind setting up these groups was evident in Mazzini himself, to whom nationality meant race, an ethnic group with a fixed array of behavior. Mazzinni’s organizations would demand immediate national liberation on the basis of aggressive chauvinism. Each was obsessed with borders and territory, and each found a way to oppose the concept of a sovereign nation-state. This was Mazzinni’s racist gospel of universal ethnic cleansing, which was implemented in full in Northeast India in 1873.
The apartheid program eliminated the Northeast Frontier Agency from the political map of India and segregated the tribal population from Assam, as the British had done in southern Africa and would do later in Sudan. By 1875, British intentions became clear even to those Englishmen who believed that Mother England's intervention in India, and the Northeast in particular, was to improve the conditions of the heathens. In an 1875 intelligence document, one operative wrote: "At this juncture, we find our local officers frankly declaring that our relations with the Nagas could not possibly be on a worse footing than they were then, and that the non-interference policy, which sounds excellent in theory, had utterly failed in practice."
Apartheid also helped the British to function freely in this closed environment. Soon enough, the British Crown introduced two other features—proselytization of Christianity among the tribal population and recruiting units of the Frontier Constabulary. The Land of the Nagas was identified as "virgin soil" for planting Christianity. "Among a people so thoroughly primitive, and so independent of religious profession, we might reasonably expect missionary zeal would be most successful," according to the 1875 document, as quoted in the Descriptive Account of Assam, by William Robinson and Angus Hamilton. Missionaries were encouraged to open government-aided schools in the Naga Hills.
Between 1891 and 1901, the number of native Christians increased 128%. The chief proselytizers were the Welsh Presbyterians, headquartered in Khasi and the Jaintia Hills. British Baptists were given the franchise of the Mizo (Lushai) and Naga Hills, and the Baptist mission was set up in 1836.
Along with this peaceful religious proselytizing, the strength of the Frontier Constabulary was increased. During Ahom rule, only nine companies of police were used to keep the bordering tribes under control, but under the new regime each company was raised to battalion strength.
By the time the nineteenth century came to an end, the British were deeply involved in the "Great Game." At this point, Northeast India became the theater of a new gambit. The British plan was to set up a buffer state between China-Central Asia-Russia, and British India. The British split Bengal and joined part of it to sparsely populated Assam, in order to form a Muslim-majority state as the western flank of the buffer state.
The ill-effects of the partition of 1905 began to show up in subsequent years. There was a large-scale migration of people from Bengal into Assam. The Census Report of 1931 says: "Probably the most important event in the province during the last 25 years—an event, moreover, which seems likely to alter permanently the whole future of Assam and to destroy more surely than did the Burmese invaders of 1820 the whole structure of Assamese culture and civilization—has been the invasion of hordes of land-hungry Bengali immigrants, mostly Muslims, from the districts of Eastern Bengal and in particular Mymensingh."
Under this British set-up, enormous animosity was fostered between the Bengalis and the Assamese, as the "tribals" now had reason to harden their stance against the "plains people." In the 1911 census, the Muslim population of the Assam Valley was only 355,320. This number had grown to 1,305,902 by 1941, according to the Census Report, the last taken by the British. A large number of violent incidents in Assam and Meghalaya in recent years are directly related to this settlement issue, and tensions have been further exacerbated by a large wave of Muslim migrants fleeing into Assam from instability in neighboring Bangladesh.
The ultimate apartheid in the Northeast came with the partition of India and the formation of East Pakistan, which in 1971 became the independent nation of Bangladesh. With the partition of Bengal, Northeast India became practically isolated, connected to the mainland through a narrow corridor running between Nepal and Bangladesh. The southern Northeastern states have no railroads and are accessible from the mainland by road, air, and sea. There is no railroad in Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. The hilly terrain, and New Delhi's continuing faith in the British policy subsumed under a blanket of security concerns, makes the building of railroads extremely difficult. Broad-gauge railroads exist up to Guwahati in truncated Assam, and a meter-gauge railroad is presently under construction to connect eastern Arunachal Pradesh with the mainland by rail. However, all the other Northeastern states, which are now without railroad, will continue to depend on roads, air, and sea to link up with the mainland.
These British policies provide a clue to why Northeast India has remained a bubbling cauldron and vulnerable to secessionist movements. Why the British continued supporting such a policy can only be understood from their own stated policy, as formulated in 1944 by Prof. Reginald Coupland, a fellow at All Souls College in Oxford, three years prior to the partition of India. In a three-volume study of British Indian history, Coupland, a student of Lords Palmerston and Curzon, said: "India is a geographical unity, it is not divided by such physical barriers as have fostered the growth of separate nations in Europe. Its unification under British rule has not only made all Indians feel themselves to be Indians; it has saved India from the fate which political and economic nationalism has brought on Europe. The Partitionists threaten to throw India back to the condition it was in after the break-up of the Mughal Empire, to make another Balkans. This would negate the development of democracy in India. Partition would also prevent a free India from taking her due place in the world as a great Asiatic power; for it would probably mean disruption into several States ranking with Egypt or Siam."
1812-1814
EIC and Indian Gold for British paychecks
On the orders of Nathan Rothschild, Eight hundred thousand pounds of gold (close to 3500 tons) was shipped out of India from East India Company to his brother James Rothschild in Paris to be sent to Admiral Nelson to pay salaries of British Spanish soldiers fighting with Napoleon. Nathan was billed $ 2 per kilogram of Gold by East India Company. Historians believe that this $ 2 dollars is nothing but the shipping charges that were paid to the shipping company, Lloyds (at $ 2 per kilogram of gold), to carry the gold to James in Paris. Essentially East India Company shipped the Indian gold Free obtained from Indian Free Trade to Nathan to be paid for British soldiers’ salaries who were fighting a European battle for ADAE supremacy.
1832
Mc Caulay and his recommendations on assimilation of Indians in to Civility and Modernity-Introduction of English education through missionary boarding schools and training a generation of Indian leaders-Englishmen in mind in native skin colors.
1932
Biological Warfare and Chemical Warfare-Mourya Pura
Un known to many Indians, the classified material regarding Chemical and Biological warfare experiments done in India by EIC and British rulers came to light in the year 1985 in Canada. This material is very highly explosive that further probing in to the details was stalled for last 15 years. It is during the 1924 - 1945, when the World War-2 polarities were certain and victories were doubtful the joint US British and Canadian armed forces and military scientists started experiments in Chemical and biological agents like mustard gas, racin, etc. They needed live subjects to conduct experiments in tropical settings with full military uniforms. The project coordinator was none other than Mr. Mountbatten. The site selected was the historic Mourya Pura 2000 years old city our skirts, near Rawalpindi.
Massive experiments were conducted using unsuspected Indian soldiers belonging to British government. They were exposed to various degrees of intensity for various array of chemical and biological warfare agents, allowed them to die on the heat. Observations made, notes taken, anti serums and protective gear for the soldiers were designed. Only a portion of these data was leaked to scientists who are trying to study the effects of these agents during Gulf War-1 & 2. A total collection of all data is some where in USA which co-sponsored the project-as classified archive. For his effective completion of the project in Mourya Pura with world catching no wind of it until the records were declassified in 1984, Mr. Mountbatten was awarded the Governor General ship of India with specific instructions to create a precedent, a precedent to show to the world that countries can be divided/created on religious lines.1947
In 1947, when Pakistani tribesmen invaded Kashmir, Britain decided to adopt a pro-Pakistan tilt — not because of any merit in the case but strictly in pursuit of British global interests in the belief that this was essential for her Middle Eastern policy. Unfortunately for India, the British minister in charge of executing this policy, Philip J Noel Baker (connected with ADAE interests or EIC turned MNC), had few scruples in exceeding his instructions.
As newly-researched material (recently declassified) in the just published new book, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 1947-48 (Sage) reveals, Noel Baker decided to take a totally anti-India stand in the UN instead of leaning in its favor as instructed by his government. He deliberately misrepresented India’s position to his own government.
He was reprimanded by Prime Minister Clement Richard Attlee in a remarkable Top Secret and Personal telegram. Attlee wrote: ‘‘I find it very hard to reconcile the view which you express as to the attitude of the Indian delegation with the representations I have received through the High Commissioner from India here. It appears to me that all the concessions are being asked from India while Pakistan concedes little or nothing.
The attitude still seems to be that it is India which is at fault whereas the complaint was rightly lodged against Pakistan.’’
Noel-Baker misled his government on the US position too. In 1947-48, Washington accepted (at the level of the Secretary of State George Marshall) the fact that Kashmir legally belonged to India by virtue of the Maharaja’s accession. In February 1948, the Americans informed Noel-Baker that they were disturbed by the implications of the resolution that he wanted to move in the UN which would have allowed Pakistan to deploy its troops in Kashmir.
When the British side argued that Kashmir was a ‘‘territory in dispute’’, the Americans disagreed, stating that they ‘‘found it difficult to deny the legal validity of Kashmir’s accession to India’’. Under pressure from Noel-Baker, the US finally agreed to float a draft resolution which would have permitted entry of Pakistani troops but only if India concurred. When his cabinet colleagues objected that India would never accept this, Noel-Baker chose to conceal his own hand in prompting the US move.
In November 1948, the acting leader of the US delegation in the Security Council, John Foster Dulles, complained to the State Department that the ‘‘present UK approach (to the) Kashmir problem appears extremely pro-GOP (Government of Pakistan) as against (the) middle ground we have sought to follow.’’
In 1947-48 Britain chose to ignore the implications of the clandestine war launched by Pakistan. This led to an increasing Pakistani appetite for such actions, resulting ultimately in the massive terrorist campaign unleashed by the ISI.1980-Ongoing
Military Biology
Defense research expenditures maximized on Chemical and Biological Genetic War fare research, with the following specific objectives of study. Ethnic Bio-Genetic Weapons (BGWs). Biological genetically modified agents targeting a particular race or ethnicity or clan or class or caste or group of people by Chemical Weapons (CW) or biological toxic agents like bacteria of small pox chicken pox etc (BW) or modifying simple food with foreign agents using gene splicing, gene transfer, GMOs TGFs and GEs (BGWs).
Among all these the deadliest are the last group of agents BGWs as they work over a period of 5-10 years and neutralize the resistance of a particular group or clan or caste of ethnic people by destroying them via genetic pollution. No one suspects that they affect the human population as they are wrapped as panacea for Poverty or hunger. These BGWs will
- Destroy Immune resistance of a select group or clan or caste or ethnicity
- Destroy impair reproduction of a specific group or clan or caste or ethnicity
- Change mutation so that certain mental characters are modified of a specific group or clan or caste or ethnicity
1984
Urban War Fare Experiments-Bhopal
1984 Bhopal Gas ‘Accident’ Tragedy occurred which provided a real time setting to study the dispersion of poisonous deadly chemical agents in gaseous form through dense population centers, its effects and the emergency response in action and what future steps need to be taken were recorded carefully which were incorporated in the Gulf War-1 and 2 by training the western soldiers with the real time data on hand.
Still CIA and FBI are searching Mr. Anderson the chief of Carbide in India to bring him to justice.
2000-still continuing
Ethnic Bio Genetic War Fare-India as a whole
Note on Indian Genetic groups (IGGs) or sub groups (IGSGs) erroneously called as castes or sub –castes by missionaries, EICs and MNCs to exploit loot divide and destroy.
Indian group or sub group structure (apart from the political ramifications) from the point of view of study of Genetics can be defined as a very sophisticated and selective inbreeding of certain traits and perfecting them over thousands of years. It is like Eugenics in animals or through breeding in horses or evolution of thousands of varieties of legumes (lentils) in agriculture. These groups or sub groups were designated with a derogatory term ‘caste’ by fist Portuguese and Spanish missionaries when they first tried to convert the Indians in 16th century. ‘Caste Away’ is a derogatory term to indicate that all Indians are out castes as we were black and brown as opposed to white Europeans. Initial Portuguese or Spanish racist missionaries never had the sophisticated scientific knowledge or understanding, erroneously dubbed all Indian Religion practitioners as ‘caste away’ people indicating that those who do not believe Jesus Christ. Once these caste away blacks or brown are converted in to Christianity they are no more ‘caste away’ but in the heaven of god. This erroneous derogatory term caste or castes was then applied to groups and sub groups within the Indian social system by the EICs to divide and sub divide them to pitch one against another so that they can perpetuate their loot. For the purpose of this text we use group or sub-group (the correct translation of kula of Sanskrit is group upa kula is sub group).
Each person belonging to a particular group or sub group exhibits certain inherent genetic traits that are expressed as more visible behavior or personality traits. The underlying genetic traits define the parameters of intelligence, susceptibility to the diseases, immune resistance, thinking process and re productory behavior of the group or sub group or caste of both male and female populations.
Indian Codices of behavior -karma mimansa texts-gruhya (house hold) shourta (religious) smarta (environmental) dharma (social, developmental, evolutionary sutras) declared that depending on this underlying genetic parameters the food habits or mating or sexual habits of the group caste or sub caste should be followed to optimize the latent talents inherent within a particular genetic code. That is the reason why elaborate behavioral codes were specified to each group or sub group caste of sub caste in the following pattern.
- Vihita karma-psycho-spiritual-mental-physical actions that must be performed by one and all at all times within the group or sub group or caste
- Naimittika karma- psycho-spiritual-mental-physical actions that must be performed by one and all at select periods of time like festivals, eclipses etc within a given group or sub group or caste
- Nishidha karma- psycho-spiritual-mental-physical actions that must not be performed by one and all within a given group or sub group or caste
According to theory of karma one takes birth to undergo a series of reactions of his past life actions or to conduct a set of actions, pursue a set of goals exhibit a set of traits in this life which is again based on one’s collective actions performed in past lives. This means a particular individual or jiva will take birth with a particular predisposition of mental, physical, psychological, spiritual and religious traits or parameters of intelligence. These parameters are decided by his past actions and reactions in his previous life. According to theory of karma all past actions of all past lives (prarabdha karma) do not find an expression within any single given life. An array of reactions belonging to multiple past lives find expression in any given single life of any individual (agami and sanchita karmas).
- Prarabdha Karma-totality of all past actions and reactions waiting to be unfolded.
- Sanchita karma-those reactions that were realized, experienced within a given life,
3. agami karma-those reactions that are not yet realized within a given life.
Hence it is concluded that the jiva (the conscious principle) will be searching different wombs to understand the correct selectively inbred genetic pool within the womb of the mother to decide to where to take birth. Thus the human birth it self is ‘free choice and selection’ of jiva (the conscious principle) in selecting the correct selective gene pool (group sub group or caste or sex) to under go a learning based on his evolution in the eternal ‘samsara’-evolution and dissolution cycles.
Astrology-that was developed over thousands of years of observation, experimentation tries to correctly understand this selective genetic behavior pool underlying each individual with sole intention to assist the individual to express his mental, physical, psychological, spiritual latent genetic pool dictated talents fully to complete the purpose for which the jiva was born. Dogmatic and unscientific religions which never understood the connection between nature, evolution, genetics and conscious principle interacting with them were and are trying to ban all sciences including astrology-genetic mathematical behavior model of analysis. The utility of astrology is very glaring when it is used as a diagnostic tool-medical astrology-to predict inherent genetic malfunctions so that proper remedial treatments (though the malfunction cannot be removed as it was decided by the ‘free choice of jiva’) can be before hand created.
Intermarriage between various sub groups or castes or sub castes or sudden changes of food habits in the sub groups (from vegetarian to non vegetarian or within non vegetarian from chicken to beef) is prohibited as the under lying selective genetic code perfected for centuries is going to react adversely some times with major negative effects of wiping the human progress and evolution it self. Here we are studying only the various selective genetic pools identified as various groups by Indian, Buddhist religions and the science behind it. The political social ramifications of such groups and subsequent division and re division by EICs and MNCs or missionaries or various political parties for sheer greed or as part of divide and rule is not relevant here and needed a separate study. Here we are studying the ramifications of genetic research in to this most crucial fact regarding Indian and Buddhist religions and GMOs, GEs, TGFs.
These genetically modified will alter the interlaying gene pool developed after selective inbreeding for thousands of years and permanently alter the traits of various groups in India, affecting their intelligence, immunity to disease, changing food habits from best to worst paving a way for MNC produced product sales in these areas. Scientists have no way to know how this contaminated Genetic Pollution is going to affect any one but are forcing Indians to use GMOs GEs TGFs indiscriminately in all agrarian settings in India, all the while washing their responsibility stating that it was the Indian farmers who are using these genetically modified seeds and products and as there is a demand MNCs are supplying them. (Same arguments were used by EIC in pushing opium in China)
It is suspected by many activists that AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) or SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) are aimed at such ethnic groups or sub groups of clans with a specific genetic traits. AIDS destroyed the African countries reducing the anti white anti ADAE resistance to zero in many countries thus paving the way for re colonization of north and central Africa by the same ADAE companies in search of diamonds, gold mines etc. The impact of SARS is on Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans probably proto mongoloid Buddhists who are opposing the missionary communist rule in China. The actual economic and population impact is still premature to assess. (The first impact is that the Chinese business in west is brought to stand still. This was a reaction of whites who boycotted Chinese goods. Second this changed the immigration policy review over Chinese. Third the reduced trade with US and west will force Chinese to actively dump their products [around 8000 products needed by the west are made in China now] in some lucrative market which is India. Fourth this business relationship needs friend ship with India thus we Indians will dance again to second round of Panchaseel-five point peace formula with the first Panchaseel we lost Tibet to China,) There is no doubt that the current euphoria regarding the GMOs, GEs, TGFs and the suppression of facts about the real effects show some prolonged strategy to destroy the Indian civilization, nation, values and most importantly its talented genetic pool by creating genetic pollution.
Note on Mad Cow Disease
Scientists of these countries and MNCs will say that they will do every thing humanly possible for the prevention of side effects. It is not a question of whether they know or not. It is when they say they know? Or how long they suppress the truth for greed of their sponsors and for research funds?
The following examples show how ‘Corpocracy’ dictates how and when the truth should be proclaimed.
- Breast Implants-cancer and death
A lone Study conducted in South Africa by a single doctor using 90 women proved that breast implants were safe in women. Of these 90 women actual observations were made on 17 women. On others it was ‘extrapolated’-assumed. Even among the 17 the doctor undertaking the research altered the data. This study was used to sell $ 80 billion breast implants over 20 years. Finally after the truth came out about the flimsy nature of the research, and found more women died after implants, the doctor in South Africa was fired and his license was revoked.
- Beef eating creates cancer and Mad Cow disease-BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
Scientists all over the world are raising alarm over this deadly form of disease BSE which was a result of blatant greed in a $ 30 billion dollar beef industry where few pennies per pound of meat can make and break billions. This disease affects the cow’s brain by eating it and making the brain like cheese and driving the cow mad. If such mad cow is slaughtered and consumed by humans then they contact a variant of this deadly disease now called Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.
Only 60 % of the cow body can be used as meat even if last pound of meat is skinned by most modern techniques. The remaining 40% is a bio-waste filled with deadly poisons-antibiotics, bovine estrogen hormones etc. These remaining 40% are the bones, hooves, brains and intestines (small and large). This forty percent waste will be sold to Rendering plants where they grind them, heat them to get rid of most diseases and sell them back to farmers as fed as regular feed to another animals lie chicken, pigs, cows as low cost protein diet. The same is sold as pet food for dogs and cats in supermarkets.
Former Inspector General of the US agricultural department stated that “we caused these animals that are vegetarians to cannibalize themselves.” This process continued for 20 years, according to scientists, caused the deadliest strain of mad cow disease appear first in cows in Europe. Beef lobbies denied any responsibility fearing law suits. These lobbies went to great lengths to scuttle scientists from finding the truth or publishing it. Once human variant of the strain appeared then in Britain alone thousands of cows were slaughtered. Finally Britain[11] in early 1990s banned using any of the cow parts in any animal feed. In Canada and United States the farmers and rendering plants objected for such ban citing the huge costs involved with the alternate feed or diet. So in 1997, a compromise proposal was agreed in USA and Canada which banned the cow parts in ruminants. Ruminants are animals that have two stomachs like cows, deer, elk etc. But this legislation did not ban the cow parts as feed to other animals like pigs, chicken etc. The problem with this legislation is it completely does not ban grounded cow parts as animal feed. The grounded cow parts feed is fed to pigs and more importantly to Chicken and then when the waste parts of pigs and chicken are themselves grounded they are fed to cows. This is the major problem which no scientist wants to study for the fear to answer questions of public scrutiny. What if this mad cow disease jumps the barrier of species and affects other animals. Most scientists knew that this mad cow disease can jump barriers and can affect chicken, elk, deer and even humans (research from Wisconsin USA). In deer and elk this mad cow disease is manifesting as wasting disease which is killing thousands of deer. Today this is again appearing in the Canadian cattle herds in two provinces with much more vigor. United States government wants to send such cow parts fed chicken and their meat to the Indians ‘as free gift to change the good eating habits’ of healthy Indians and make them susceptible for these deadly variants of mad cow diseases to support medical companies and their research.
- UV studies that created climate of fear and a multi billion dollar cosmetics industry that finally became cause of skin cancer rather than UV which proved extremely beneficial
A lone study In 1981, that was conducted in the medical college of Virginia, Richmond, USA; the conclusions were questioned by many scientists[12]. Monkeys were tranquilized, and then their eye lids were pried open with lid clamps. With the monkeys eyes fully dilated, researchers beamed light in to their eyes from a 2,500-watt xenon lamp for sixteen minutes. The intense light contained high levels of UV radiation. The study showed that there was some ‘retinal damage.’ Many scientists believe that such abusive doses are going to cause retinal damage. In real life human or animal eyelids and pupils are made to protect their eyes from abnormal doses of light or radiation. The same kinds of abusive studies are used to conclude that UV causes cataracts[13].
“Complete assimilation is possible only with the sacrifice of Indian Cultures via Darwinist capitalism”
-Mario Vargas, 1990, Christian Right wing Presidential candidate and novelist in Peru.
“Indians are colonial creation. They are only Indian because pre capitalist exploitation denied them the boons of European culture. The very survival of Indians is proof of their defeat. The heroic task of socialism or communism is ‘de- indigenization’.”
-Martinez Pelaez, Guatemalan Marxist Historian, on Indians, 1990.
Should we remain non aligned assert our right of self determination (swaraj) self reliance (swadeshi) to defend or join US Israeli Axis for Security against Pakistan sponsored terrorism spending billions buying hi-tech gizmos which any way never prevented the daily bombings in Israel or attacks against US interests by terrorists at will.
If our learned leaders figured out that after fifty seven years of independence we need US and Britain to protect our security then why all leaders of independence termed British rule as oppressive and gained independence after huge sacrifices?
When is the right time to wake up?
[1] “Conquista y Colonizacion de Yucatan”, Chamberlain Robert, D.F. Porrua, Mexico, pp 25-27. Also see
2. “Columbus and the Age of Discovery” Zvi Dor Ner, WGBH Educational Foundation, 1991, Pp 223, and
3. “Stolen Continents, The new world through Indian eyes”, Ronald Wright, Viking New York, 1992, pp 65-66.
[2] “The Stolen Continents” pp 66
[3] “Memory of Fire” Galeano Eduardo, Translated by Cedric Belfarge, Quartert, London, 1985, pp 60, also see
4. “Did History Lie when it promised Peace and Progress?” Galeano Eduardo, translated by Marianne Dugan and Ernesto Castillo, and
5. “Guatemala in Rebellion”, Fried, Jonathan L., Marvin E. Gettleman, Grove Press, New York.
[4] “Lost Continents” pp 66
[5] “The Log of Christopher Columbus”, Robert H. Fuson, International Marine Publishing Co, Camden pp 78.
[6] “Columbus and the age of Discovery” pp 217, 234
Also see “The tears of the Indians” La Casas, 1656.
[7] “In the absence of the sacred”, Jerry Mander, 1992 pp 338
[8] “Guatemala Eternal Spring Eternal Tyranny”, Simon Jean-Marie, Norton, New York, 1987, pp 14.
[9] “Agony in the Garden”, Sheehan Edward, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1989, pp 275.
[10] “The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier”, Henry James Coleridge, 2nd Edition, Burns & Oates, London, 1890, Vol I, pp 151-163. Reprinted in William H. Mc Neil and Mitsuko Iriye, “Modern Asia and Africa”, Readings in World History, Vol. 9, Oxford University Press, New York, pp 4-11.
[11] For a detailed discussion see the book by Stuart Laidlaw “Secret Ingredients”
[12] “Action Spectrum for Retinal Injury from Near-Ultraviolet Radiation in the Aphakic Monkey” American Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 1982.
[13] “Color and Light: Their effects on plants, animals and people” J.N. Otto, Journal of Bio-Social Research, r, part I, 1985.
Copyright ©2003 Indian Heritage Research Foundation, Ontario